If the TV has an analog input, yes, you could connect a CD player to that input, and get the Sonos Beam to play the result. Any line level device would work for that input. Traditionally, they’re used for video cameras or DVD players.

A Port has an analog input as well, and you can send the signal to any Sonos device in your network. While they’re designed to work with a traditional receiver/amp to get all the devices normally connected, it’s certainly not required. There are many folks who use a Port connected to a single device such as a pre-amped turntable, CD player, or any line level device.