Since you have a Bridge, are you on S1? If so your choices are a bit limited as new gear now is S2 compatible only. 

If you upgrade to S2, a speaker with Line-in or Bluetooth input will be needed, together with turntable with preamp output or Bluetooth output. 
 

Another maybe is the Victrola streaming turntable- a quick search should reveal details about it. 

In looking at my system on the sonos app, the bridge is my only s1 product. What would I replace that with to upgrade to s2? In doing so, am I opening up more options for a turntable?

You could lose the Bridge and run Sonos from your wifi, or replace it with the (soon to be discontinued) Boost.

Or run the cable that currently goes to that BRIDGE to one of your speakers, which would then act as both the speaker and the BRIDGE. 

You might look at a used Connect, make sure it will run S2 though.

The Bridge is really old tech that gets odd problems and should go in any case.